The Chilli List

There are literally thousands of different forms of chilli pepper. I'm rather a fan of both their taste and their diversity hence I grow a fair few varieties and find myself unable to resist growing ever more. I like lots of other plants and vegetables but chillis do well for me and hence are likely to get featured ever more.

This is the Growlist so far showing what I've grown and when.......

Variety	Species	2010	2011
Fish	annum	X	X
Jalapeno	annum	X	X
Dedo de Mocha	baccatum	X	X
Lemon Drop	baccatum	X	X
Red scotch bonnet	chinense	X	X
Guatemalan Chiltepe	annum		X
Joe's Long Cayenne	annum		X
McMahons Texas Bird Pepper	annum		X
Minorcan Pequin	annum		X
Numex Bailey Piquin	annum		X
Sweet Banana	annum		X
Criolla Sella	baccatum		X
Big Sun scotch bonnet	chinense		X
Chocolate Habanero	chinense		X
Fatalii	chinense		X
Mustard Habanero	chinense		X
NuMex Suave Orange	chinense		X
Orange Habanero	chinense		X
Paper Lantern	chinense		X
PI 281429	chinense		X
Pimente De Neyde	chinense		X
Trinidad Perfume	chinense		X
Duke Pequin	fructescens		X
Turbo Pube (PI 585267)	pubescens		X
Fresno Supreme	annum	X
Hungarian Hotwax	annum	X

and this is what's in reserve in my seed cabinet....

Variety	Species
var. aviculare	annum
Cap-253C	annum
Cayenne	annum
Chinese 5 colour	annum
Friar's Hat	annum
Goatweed	annum
Gold Cayenne	annum
Hungarian Black	annum
Thai Yellow	annum
Cap-1530 C. cardenasii	cardenasii
CAP 1445	chacoense
Aji Dulce Long	chinense
Aji Panca	chinense
CGN 22835 Long	chinense
Cumari	chinense
Datil	chinense
Ecuadorian Brown	chinense
Goronong	chinense
Habanero Cristina	chinense
Lima Blanco PI 152222	chinense
Pointed Yellow Hab	chinense
Wild Brazil	chinense
Apricot	chinense
Bradleys Bahamian	fructescens
Capsicum lanceolatum	lanceolatum
Capsicum praetermissum	praetermissum
Cumari Pollux	praetermissum
Goat Pepper	praetermissum
Albertos	pubescens
CAP 363	pubescens
Orange Rocoto	pubescens
Capsicum rhomboideum	rhomboideum

I'm not sure I'll grow all these next year but I'm certainly planning to grow a lot. In fact I may well plant some in a few weeks to overwinter....

Stash of 2010 (Repost)

So, if we ignore all those that were eaten raw, thrown into cooking at the time or which remin in the freezer, here's the final stash of chilli produce:

Not huge amounts of stuff but plenty to keep me going for now (and I've got more peppers in the freezer for when this lot runs out. So what is all the above? Well.....

There's 5 jars of this. This is pumpkin, cranberry and red chilli chutney. I started this from this recipe. My version has a lot more chilli in the form of 10 pods of the variety "Fish" and 8 pods of the giant sweet Aji I grew this year "Dedo de Mocha". It also took a lot more vinegar than that recipe to get the consistency I wanted (I may have started a bit too hot).

The yellow jars are the Salsa made from Lemon Drop pods I posted previously. I used this recipe from William Woys Weaver. This one is absolutely sensational, especially with grilled fish. I'm hoping my lemon drops overwinter well so I can get a big harvest of these next year and make a lot more of this.

Lastly 2 different hot sauces:

I made these using the recipe by Chilliman64 in the second post here. To mix things up I made a double batch of the base, split it in 2 and then added Orange Habs to one and Trinidad Perfume to the other. The Orange Hab one is just a nice hot sauce but the Trinidad Perfume one is really nice. Totally mild but with a really really strong flavour. I'm definitely going to be experimenting some more next year to make an even better "heatless hot sauce".

Anyway that's the lot. Small scale by some standards but I'm in sauce for now and I've got much bigger plans for 2011 now I've got the chilli bug.

New Life, Long History - repost from Feb 2011 (RP)

This is the current head of class in the chilli propagator.

I was gonna put this up as a wordless wednesday but I think there's enough interesting about this seedling to make a post.

Firstly it's a seedling of a wild Capsicum annum form, a pequin from the island of Minorca in the mediterranean. It should produce little red bullet like hot fruit which dry easily and will hopefully fit into one of these well. Why does this interest me (aside from their utility in cool glasswalled peppermills)? Well another natureblogger we know and love is very keen on a different Minorcan pepper and it got me thinking a lot about the movement of food plants....

FC's beloved Datil Peppers are a different species to my pequin seedling (C. chinense as opposed to annum) and the story goes that they made it to his particular chunk of [Pure] Florida by travelling from the Caribbean (home of the C. chinense species) to Africa, from Africa to Menorca and then back across the Atlantic to Florida. Some have suggested that it probably went direct from the Caribbean to Florida (on the basis of proximity) but its worth bearing in mind that many C. chinense made it to Africa and my Pequin made it from somewhere in the Americas to wind-up growing wild in Menorca.

The point of this post isn't to dissect the past history of the Datil landrace though. The point is that all this got me thinking about how my Menorcan pepper seeds made their way to me. They came to me because a nice lady who read the same chilli forum as me heard I was after some wild-type peppers and offered to put them in an envelope to me. Someone she knew had seen it growing wild and got her some seeds. Thanks to her kindness I'll try this new variety and hopefully it'll do what I want it to do. If so I'll save the seed and share it with others. This is the glorious gift of open-pollinated fruit and vegetable varieties. Their seeds can be swapped, shared or traded with ease.  Its far easier now to stick some seeds in an envelope than it would be to keep them safe for a long transatlantic boat journey 300 years ago. Because people did manage to do that though we now have thousands of unique local varieties to keep moving around the world. I'd encourage people to think about trying some of them; its worth it.

Overwintering Chillis (Repost)

 I took these photo on saturday, February 19th 2011.....



The flower above belongs to Capsicum chinense "Trinidad Perfume". Trinidad Perfume is a very mild caribbean seasoning pepper; low on heat and massive on flavour but it belongs to the same species as some truly hot peppers (the scotch bonnets and habanero) and some superhot peppers (Trinidad Scorpion, 7-Pot and Bhut Jolokia). In other words even if you live in a temperate climate like me, it is possible to have chillis in flower in February (and hence in fruit in March). How you ask? Well surprisingly easily.....

Many people believe chillis to be an annual crop (like wheat or rice) but they're really perennial shrubs in nature, its just that it's not really worthwhile overwintering them if you're growing commercially. If however you have many plants of many different varieties it is well worth overwintering them. I kept the plant above in my frost-free conservatory over winter, feeding and watering it sparingly and the result is a large plant now bursting into growth and flower (whilst this year's seedlings are only a few inches high). It will obviously now have a massive headstart and should produce far more pods this year than last year (when it did ok anyway). The trick seems to be avoiding rot (by keeping plants dry - I water only when wilting commences) and giving them as much light as possible. I'm lucky in having the conservatory but you could do as well on a well positioned windowsill. Some people trim their chillis down to stumps to overwinter and trim the roots - I only did this with a few plants and it seemed to knock them back a bit - obviously if you only have limited space it is a worthy option however. So there you have it - roll the dice and try to overwinter your chillis - you've nothing to lose if you'd throw them away otherwise in any event.

Lost crops of the Incas found.......(Repost)

 .....in my conservatory. There's been a fair bit of interest of late in some of the "lost crops of the incas", plants grown in that great south american empire (and in many cases still enjoyed today in South America)  but which have yet to spread through the rest of the world. Notable successes recently have include Quinoa and Oca both of which are starting to get popular. You can read about a number of these "Lost Crops" in this excellent online book btw). I'm growing a couple....

This is a rocoto (aka locoto or manzano) chilli. It's a completely different species to all the other chillis I grow and to any chilli you'll likely see in a supermarket or market anywhere in the world other than a few south american countries. Rocoto was prized by the incas for its taste and structure which are rather different from other capsicum varieties and it is also handy in that it grows in cooler climes than most due to a preference for high elevations. The species is named C. pubescens due to its hairy stems and leaves.


Also unlike other chillis (but like many other nightshades) it flowers purple.

The plant above is "Fat Baby" Achocha, Cyclanthera brachyastacha, a curcubit. It should form a climbing plant covered with fruit which can be eaten raw when small (said to taste like "minty cucumber") or cooked when big (said to taste like green pepper or artichoke). I've heard a lot about what these taste like but no-one seems able to nail down a flavour. We will see how I describe the taste soon enough hopefully.

Chilli taxonomy told with pictures (sort of) (Repost)

This is my first flower of Capsicum frutescens.

C. frutescens is a relatively uncultivated species. There is, of course, one tremendously famous variety, beloved of steak tatare and bloody mary fans; the tabasco. Tabascos, as used in the eponymous sauce, used to be grown entirely on Avery Island, Louisiana and even now that is the origin of all the seed stock used to produce peppers for the McIllhenny Company. The other reasonably well known frutescens variety is Piri Piri but the above flower is neither, it's on a bird type pepper known as Duke Pequin. For years people have pondered whether C. frutescens is an actual species or just a form of C. chinense.

Above is a C. chinense flower (variety is PI248129 (it doesn't have a name - just an accession number). You can see they are very similar. The chinense varieties are more well known and there are many more of them; scotch bonnets, habaneros and so on as well as the superhot forms like the trinidad scorpion (of which the Butch T strain is now the hottest chilli in the world) and seven pot. Where things get really interesting is with the famous superhot Bhut Jolokhia which is, it turns out, an interspecific hybrid somewhere between frutescens and chinense. Recent studies show that in fact, no matter which species concept you adhere to, frutescens is its own species and sits somewhere between C. chinense and C. annum (though far closer to C. chinense).

Here's an annum variety. As you can see it looks different to the other two. If you try to imagine something sitting between it and chinense though? I think you get something looking rather like that top photo.

Chilli Review - Real Seeds' C. Baccatum "Dedo de Mocha" (Repost)

I've decided to give each of my chilli varieties its own review post since I've been writing reviews for somewhere else.

The first thing to note about this one is that there are a number of apparently completely different varieties with this name. The ones I am growing and shown in those post are those available from Real Seeds  - I don't know anywhere else that absolutely definitely stocks this form. The name apparently means amputated or dead fingers or something of the sort so you can see how it could be applied to a few different types of chilli.

Anyway.....

This is a very strong growing, tall, upright, leggy plant that produces huge (see dollar bill comparison below) long wrinkled red pods. The pods are completely without heat. There is a hint of the rich aji flavour I've sometimes heard called smokey.

I basically use them as a subsitute for bell peppers - the taste is I think a bit better but the walls are obviously thinner so not withstanding the size you need a few to equal a normal bell pepper (1 pod is ideal for chucking in a one-person omlette or salad though). Probably my favourite use is cutting them in half lengthways and throwing them in a roasting tin with other veggies but I think it will grill or barbecue spectacularly too with a bit of olive oil.

Germination was very strong and the plants grew well. I would say that it has ripened very late; it was only in mid-october ripening in numbers but the plants still seemed very healthy. As a result it is probably worth starting this one nice and early. One other issue I have had is with some sort of insect eating its way into the pod. This may be more of an issue on this one as the pods are so big.

I've successfully overwintered these (the Real Seeds catalogue recommend giving this a go) and am hoping the result will be massive numbers of pods, early, on a big plant. My first pods this year are now ripening (May 2011)